When frigid arctic air makes its winter blast across regions, it’s easy to become a victim of frostbite. A condition in which body tissues freeze because of sub-zero temperatures, frostbite causes enormous damage and can be so severe that sometimes amputation of dead tissue is needed.
Frostbite occurs quickly. Within five minutes of sub-zero temperatures (between zero and minus 15 degrees), body tissue can be damaged because of exposed skin. That’s why it’s necessary to dress suitably, staying warm and dry.
Injuries from Below Zero Weather
Frost nip is painful, but not as severe as frostbite. Just as frostbite, frost nip involves ice crystal formation, but doesn’t destroy body tissue as the crystals melt when the skin is warmed. Affected areas include earlobes, cheeks, nose, fingers and toes. Numbness is a red light that frost nip may be forming.
Frostbite is worse because it destroys body tissue and causes numbness. Also, frost nip can produce blisters and muscle damage. Unlike being struck by an object, frostbite is subtle, with most people unaware of the signals. A good red light that you’re getting frostbite is feeling warm. That’s because your never endings are torn and heat up, as you no longer feel the cold.
How to Dress for Frost Bite
Underwear and socks- Rather than cotton, wear synthetic fabric as this keep perspiration away from the skin. It's also a good idea to wear at least two pairs.
Dress in light layers - Choose several water-resistant base layers, including a thermal jacket.
Avoid tight, restricting clothing.
Boots, hats and scarfs –Wear insulated boots and woolen hats, covering ears. Make sure you’re warm on the inside as well as the outside. Don’t forget to wear a woolen scarf to protect your face.
Wear mittens. - Choose mittens over gloves as they do a better job of warming fingers.
Carry spares – Always carry spare mittens, scarves and hats in your car because sometimes these items are lost or get wet.
Additional Tips
Stay hydrated. Be sure to drink plenty of water as the cold can rob you of water. Stay away from caffeine drinks because caffeinated coffee, tea and sodas can make you even more at risk to cold weather. Also, avoid alcohol.
Don't over wash hands and feet because this depletes the skin of naturally protective oils.
Don’t take any medicines that will make you more susceptible to cold. If unsure, ask your doctor or pharmacist before venturing out in frigid weather.
Treatment Waiting for Emergency Help
Get emergency medical help immediately. According to MyOptimHealth.com, you should remove wet or tight clothing while awaiting for help, replacing it with dry, loose clothing. Do not rub affected areas with snow. Avoid partial thawing and refreezing, which does more damage. Therefore, stay away from heat sources (campfires and car heaters.) Only rewarm when it takes more than two hours for help to arrive and refreezing can be prevented.
Finally, remember to dress for function and not fashion. . Your goal is survive, keeping warm and not making a fashion statement.
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